{
 "generated": "2026-10-12",
 "last_close": "2026-10-09",
 "start": 1999,
 "winners": [
  {
   "year": 1996,
   "ticker": "",
   "company": "",
   "status": "unverified",
   "note": "No reliable year-end 1996 list found. StatMuse (current-member screen) names Jabil, which was not an S&P 500 member in 1996; Yahoo has no data for most 1996 members (many delisted, tickers reused). Left blank on purpose.",
   "sources": ""
  },
  {
   "year": 1997,
   "ticker": "DELL",
   "company": "Dell Computer",
   "status": "single-source",
   "note": "S&P DJI top-50 list: +216% (price). Old Dell (taken private 2013) not on Yahoo; no second source found.",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/",
   "return": 2.16,
   "return_src": "S&P DJI via Visual Capitalist",
   "next_year": 2.48,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/"
  },
  {
   "year": 1998,
   "ticker": "DELL",
   "company": "Dell Computer",
   "status": "single-source",
   "note": "S&P DJI top-50 list: +248% (price; no dividends, so = total return).",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/",
   "return": 2.48,
   "return_src": "S&P DJI via Visual Capitalist",
   "next_year": 0.3937,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/DELL?date=1999-12-31&view=return&from=1999-01-01&basis=total_return"
  },
  {
   "year": 1999,
   "ticker": "QCOM",
   "company": "Qualcomm",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/ | yahoo",
   "return": 26.19421189361034,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": -0.5333565814971841,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2000,
   "ticker": "RBK",
   "company": "Reebok International",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "NY Post (Dec 31 2000) and Exa total return both give Reebok +233.9% and Dynegy +218% to +224%. The S&P DJI top-50 list shows Dynegy at +361%, which looks like a pre-merger (Illinova, Feb 2000) price basis, so it was not used. Reebok was acquired by adidas in Jan 2006, after the holding window.",
   "sources": "https://nypost.com/2000/12/31/some-stocks-didnt-crash-they-shone/ | https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/RBK?date=2000-12-31&view=return&from=2000-01-01&basis=total_return | https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/",
   "return": 2.339,
   "return_src": "NY Post / Exa total return (233.9%)",
   "next_year": -0.0307,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/RBK?date=2001-12-31&view=return&from=2001-01-01&basis=total_return"
  },
  {
   "year": 2001,
   "ticker": "NVDA",
   "company": "NVIDIA",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Joined the index Nov 2001 (year-end member).",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/ | yahoo",
   "return": 3.0835612426806964,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": -0.827951480246048,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2002,
   "ticker": "PVN",
   "company": "Providian Financial",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Acquired by Washington Mutual Oct 2005 (after the holding window).",
   "sources": "https://www.iese.edu/media/research/pdfs/DI-0501-E.pdf | https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/PVN?date=2002-12-31&view=return&from=2002-01-01&basis=total_return",
   "return": 0.8282,
   "return_src": "Exa total return (no dividends paid)",
   "next_year": 0.7935,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/PVN?date=2003-12-31&view=return&from=2003-01-01&basis=total_return"
  },
  {
   "year": 2003,
   "ticker": "AV",
   "company": "Avaya",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Taken private Oct 2007 (after the holding window).",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/ | https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/AV?date=2003-12-31&view=return&from=2003-01-01&basis=total_return",
   "return": 4.2816,
   "return_src": "Exa total return (no dividends paid)",
   "next_year": 0.3292,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/AV?date=2004-12-31&view=return&from=2004-01-01&basis=total_return"
  },
  {
   "year": 2004,
   "ticker": "ADSK",
   "company": "Autodesk",
   "status": "probable",
   "note": "Yahoo coverage of 2004 members is incomplete (delisted names missing); no contemporaneous full-index list found.",
   "sources": "yahoo | https://www.statmuse.com/money/ask/best-performing-tech-stocks-in-the-s-and-p-500-in-the-year-2004",
   "return": 2.087876393875719,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 0.13233597871598546,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2005,
   "ticker": "VLO",
   "company": "Valero Energy",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "yahoo | https://money.cnn.com/2005/12/21/markets/sp_winners/",
   "return": 1.273127870737924,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": -0.0033144495090697834,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2006,
   "ticker": "ATI",
   "company": "Allegheny Technologies",
   "status": "probable",
   "note": "StatMuse ranks ICE first, but ICE joined the S&P 500 only in 2007; ATI is next (+151%). Yahoo coverage of 2006 members incomplete.",
   "sources": "yahoo | https://www.statmuse.com/money/ask/20-best-performing-stocks-in-the-s-and-p-2006",
   "return": 1.5133036503098491,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": -0.041796790752388735,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2007,
   "ticker": "NOV",
   "company": "National Oilwell Varco",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "yahoo | https://www.reuters.com/article/business/factbox-sp-500s-best-and-worst-performers-for-2007-idUSN31600240/",
   "return": 1.4014382867791713,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": -0.6673020611428364,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2008,
   "ticker": "FDO",
   "company": "Family Dollar Stores",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Acquired by Dollar Tree Jul 2015 (after the holding window).",
   "sources": "https://www.cnbc.com/2008/12/31/best-stock-of-2008.html | https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/FDO?date=2008-12-31&view=return&from=2008-01-01&basis=total_return",
   "return": 0.3863,
   "return_src": "Exa total return",
   "next_year": 0.0874,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/FDO?date=2009-12-31&view=return&from=2009-01-01&basis=total_return"
  },
  {
   "year": 2009,
   "ticker": "XL",
   "company": "XL Capital",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Acquired by AXA 2018 (after the holding window).",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/ | https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/XL?date=2009-12-31&view=return&from=2009-01-01&basis=total_return",
   "return": 3.95,
   "return_src": "S&P DJI via Visual Capitalist",
   "next_year": 0.2155,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/XL?date=2010-12-31&view=return&from=2010-01-01&basis=total_return"
  },
  {
   "year": 2010,
   "ticker": "NFLX",
   "company": "Netflix",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/ | yahoo",
   "return": 2.1893265424936055,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": -0.6056346526872955,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2011,
   "ticker": "COG",
   "company": "Cabot Oil & Gas",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Now Coterra (CTRA); no longer on Yahoo, Exa total-return index used.",
   "sources": "https://www.cnbc.com/2011/12/28/The-Best-Investments-of-2011.html | https://www.thetimes-tribune.com/2012/01/07/cabot-tops-sp-500/ | https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/COG?date=2011-12-31&view=return&from=2011-01-01&basis=total_return",
   "return": 1.0096,
   "return_src": "Exa total return",
   "next_year": 0.3133,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/COG?date=2012-12-31&view=return&from=2012-01-01&basis=total_return"
  },
  {
   "year": 2012,
   "ticker": "PHM",
   "company": "PulteGroup",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "yahoo | https://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2013/01/01/2012-Stock-Market-Winners-and-Losers",
   "return": 1.8779714757671884,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 0.13140384227904311,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2013,
   "ticker": "NFLX",
   "company": "Netflix",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/ | yahoo",
   "return": 2.976348016430466,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": -0.07214046628685822,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2014,
   "ticker": "LUV",
   "company": "Southwest Airlines",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "yahoo | press",
   "return": 1.2462844666702977,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 0.024380772728274325,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2015,
   "ticker": "NFLX",
   "company": "Netflix",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "yahoo | press",
   "return": 1.3437836426593366,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 0.0823570914250018,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2016,
   "ticker": "NVDA",
   "company": "NVIDIA",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/ | yahoo",
   "return": 2.2384708052254756,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 0.8198790395859124,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2017,
   "ticker": "NRG",
   "company": "NRG Energy",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Align Technology (+131%, joined Jun 2017) was a close second.",
   "sources": "yahoo | https://talkmarkets.com/content/stocks--equities/best-and-worst-performing-sp-500-stocks-in-2017?post=161048",
   "return": 1.3230015506152912,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 0.39589608399912124,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2018,
   "ticker": "AMD",
   "company": "Advanced Micro Devices",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "yahoo | press",
   "return": 0.795719801943733,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 1.4842905138021374,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2019,
   "ticker": "AMD",
   "company": "Advanced Micro Devices",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "yahoo | press",
   "return": 1.4842905138021374,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 0.9997818984714926,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2020,
   "ticker": "TSLA",
   "company": "Tesla",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Joined the index Dec 21, 2020 (year-end member).",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/ | yahoo",
   "return": 7.434369946079432,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 0.4975555924013577,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2021,
   "ticker": "DVN",
   "company": "Devon Energy",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "yahoo | press",
   "return": 1.7862111364908175,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 0.5086402970391797,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2022,
   "ticker": "OXY",
   "company": "Occidental Petroleum",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "yahoo | press",
   "return": 1.172818288229922,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": -0.04077798302313551,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2023,
   "ticker": "NVDA",
   "company": "NVIDIA",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "yahoo | press",
   "return": 2.3886682820093332,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 1.71249279030634,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2024,
   "ticker": "PLTR",
   "company": "Palantir",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Joined the index Sep 2024 (year-end member). Using Jan-1 members instead would give Vistra/NVIDIA.",
   "sources": "yahoo | https://www.fool.com/investing/2024/11/23/the-top-sp-500-stock-of-2024-so-far-isnt-nvidia-he/",
   "return": 3.4047755921584306,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 1.350257919544839,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2025,
   "ticker": "WDC",
   "company": "Western Digital",
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "SanDisk (spun off Feb 2025, added Nov 2025) rose more from its debut but has no full-year 2025 return.",
   "sources": "yahoo | https://www.barrons.com/articles/western-digital-stock-best-sp500-2025-trade-desk-worst-f1bfdea5 | https://rubiewealth.com/sp-500-top-25-annual-performers-2025/",
   "return": 2.822123239486686,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": 1.3085932917624477,
   "next_year_partial": true,
   "fwd_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
  },
  {
   "year": 2026,
   "ticker": "MRNA",
   "company": "Moderna",
   "status": "ytd",
   "note": "Year to date only. The +663% claim checks out against Yahoo closes (Dec 31, 2025 to the latest close).",
   "sources": "yahoo | https://topstocksytd.com/best-stocks-2026-so-far/",
   "return": 6.629705043957304,
   "return_src": "Yahoo Finance close (split-adj.)",
   "next_year": null,
   "next_year_partial": false,
   "fwd_src": ""
  }
 ],
 "steps": [
  {
   "year": 1999,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.21041192124216845,
   "a_ticker": "DELL",
   "a": 0.3937
  },
  {
   "year": 2000,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": -0.0910408761621635,
   "a_ticker": "QCOM",
   "a": -0.5333565814971841
  },
  {
   "year": 2001,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": -0.11886011811927333,
   "a_ticker": "RBK",
   "a": -0.0307
  },
  {
   "year": 2002,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": -0.2210033052133339,
   "a_ticker": "NVDA",
   "a": -0.827951480246048
  },
  {
   "year": 2003,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.2868423795879569,
   "a_ticker": "PVN",
   "a": 0.7935
  },
  {
   "year": 2004,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.10882109862232192,
   "a_ticker": "AV",
   "a": 0.3292
  },
  {
   "year": 2005,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.04911777398782813,
   "a_ticker": "ADSK",
   "a": 0.13233597871598546
  },
  {
   "year": 2006,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.15794461193725273,
   "a_ticker": "VLO",
   "a": -0.0033144495090697834
  },
  {
   "year": 2007,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.0549373111819591,
   "a_ticker": "ATI",
   "a": -0.041796790752388735
  },
  {
   "year": 2008,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": -0.3699761113271859,
   "a_ticker": "NOV",
   "a": -0.6673020611428364
  },
  {
   "year": 2009,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.2646423382978744,
   "a_ticker": "FDO",
   "a": 0.0874
  },
  {
   "year": 2010,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.15063403486394566,
   "a_ticker": "XL",
   "a": 0.2155
  },
  {
   "year": 2011,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.02111815385723914,
   "a_ticker": "NFLX",
   "a": -0.6056346526872955
  },
  {
   "year": 2012,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.16003224238602698,
   "a_ticker": "COG",
   "a": 0.3133
  },
  {
   "year": 2013,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.3238848466970672,
   "a_ticker": "PHM",
   "a": 0.13140384227904311
  },
  {
   "year": 2014,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.13688358376181653,
   "a_ticker": "NFLX",
   "a": -0.07214046628685822
  },
  {
   "year": 2015,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.013837640885860925,
   "a_ticker": "LUV",
   "a": 0.024380772728274325
  },
  {
   "year": 2016,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.1195991330631534,
   "a_ticker": "NFLX",
   "a": 0.0823570914250018
  },
  {
   "year": 2017,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.218315915558408,
   "a_ticker": "NVDA",
   "a": 0.8198790395859124
  },
  {
   "year": 2018,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": -0.043842333247031684,
   "a_ticker": "NRG",
   "a": 0.39589608399912124
  },
  {
   "year": 2019,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.31486361792387174,
   "a_ticker": "AMD",
   "a": 1.4842905138021374
  },
  {
   "year": 2020,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.18398831564768447,
   "a_ticker": "AMD",
   "a": 0.9997818984714926
  },
  {
   "year": 2021,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.2870536925932794,
   "a_ticker": "TSLA",
   "a": 0.4975555924013577
  },
  {
   "year": 2022,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": -0.1811088888630299,
   "a_ticker": "DVN",
   "a": 0.5086402970391797
  },
  {
   "year": 2023,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.2628765952467029,
   "a_ticker": "OXY",
   "a": -0.04077798302313551
  },
  {
   "year": 2024,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.250196819160305,
   "a_ticker": "NVDA",
   "a": 1.71249279030634
  },
  {
   "year": 2025,
   "partial": false,
   "sp500": 0.17879972203280303,
   "a_ticker": "PLTR",
   "a": 1.350257919544839
  },
  {
   "year": 2026,
   "partial": true,
   "sp500": 0.15142655071709465,
   "a_ticker": "WDC",
   "a": 1.3085932917624477
  }
 ],
 "series": {
  "labels": [
   "1999-01-01",
   "1999-12-31",
   "2000-12-31",
   "2001-12-31",
   "2002-12-31",
   "2003-12-31",
   "2004-12-31",
   "2005-12-31",
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 "stats": {
  "sp500": {
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  "labels": [
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   "2023-12-31",
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   {
    "year": 2009,
    "holdings": [
     "FDO",
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     "AMGN",
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     "CELG"
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    "rets": [
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   },
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     "ZION"
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    "rets": [
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    "rets": [
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    "year": 2014,
    "holdings": [
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     "ETFC"
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    "rets": [
     -0.07214046628685822,
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   {
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    "year": 2016,
    "holdings": [
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     "AMZN",
     "ATVI",
     "NVDA",
     "CVC"
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    "rets": [
     0.0823570914250018,
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   },
   {
    "year": 2017,
    "holdings": [
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    "rets": [
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   {
    "year": 2018,
    "holdings": [
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   {
    "year": 2019,
    "holdings": [
     "AMD",
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     "FTNT",
     "AAP",
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    "rets": [
     1.4842905138021374,
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   {
    "year": 2020,
    "holdings": [
     "AMD",
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   {
    "year": 2021,
    "holdings": [
     "TSLA",
     "ETSY",
     "NVDA",
     "PYPL",
     "LB"
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    "rets": [
     0.4975555924013577,
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   {
    "year": 2022,
    "holdings": [
     "DVN",
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     "SBNY"
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   },
   {
    "year": 2023,
    "holdings": [
     "OXY",
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     "MPC",
     "XOM",
     "SLB"
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     -0.04077798302313551,
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   },
   {
    "year": 2024,
    "holdings": [
     "NVDA",
     "META",
     "RCL",
     "BLDR",
     "UBER"
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    "rets": [
     1.71249279030634,
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   {
    "year": 2025,
    "holdings": [
     "PLTR",
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   },
   {
    "year": 2026,
    "holdings": [
     "WDC",
     "MU",
     "STX",
     "HOOD",
     "WBD"
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    "rets": [
     1.3085932917624477,
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 },
 "top5": [
  {
   "year": 1997,
   "status": "unverified",
   "note": "Only the #1 is documented (S&P DJI list includes stocks of 212% or more). No full 1997 top-5 list found.",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "DELL",
     "company": "Dell Computer",
     "ret": 2.16,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": null,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 1998,
   "status": "unverified",
   "note": "Only the #1 is documented. No full 1998 top-5 list found.",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "DELL",
     "company": "Dell Computer",
     "ret": 2.48,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": null,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 1999,
   "status": "verified-list",
   "note": "Top 5 from S&P DJI's list, which includes each year's top 10 (all 10 of 1999's were above 212%). Not used in Strategy B: the 1998 and 2000 lists are incomplete.",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "QCOM",
     "company": "Qualcomm",
     "ret": 26.19421189361034,
     "next": -0.5333565814971841,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "S/PCS",
     "company": "Sprint (PCS tracking stock per S&P DJI)",
     "ret": 3.43,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    },
    {
     "ticker": "NXTL",
     "company": "Nextel Communications",
     "ret": 3.36,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    },
    {
     "ticker": "LSI",
     "company": "LSI Logic",
     "ret": 3.19,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    },
    {
     "ticker": "NT",
     "company": "Nortel Networks",
     "ret": 3.04,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": null,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2000,
   "status": "partial",
   "note": "Only #1 to #3 are ranked in the source. Power-One, Coastal and Alza were also in the top 10, but their order is not given.",
   "sources": "https://nypost.com/2000/12/31/some-stocks-didnt-crash-they-shone/",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "RBK",
     "company": "Reebok International",
     "ret": 2.3392,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    },
    {
     "ticker": "DYN",
     "company": "Dynegy",
     "ret": 2.1822,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    },
    {
     "ticker": "EOG",
     "company": "EOG Resources",
     "ret": 2.110320284697509,
     "next": -0.2811243756628322,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": null,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2001,
   "status": "unverified",
   "note": "Only the #1 is documented.",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "NVDA",
     "company": "NVIDIA",
     "ret": 3.0835612426806964,
     "next": -0.827951480246048,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": null,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2002,
   "status": "unverified",
   "note": "Only #1 is reliably documented.",
   "sources": "https://www.iese.edu/media/research/pdfs/DI-0501-E.pdf",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "PVN",
     "company": "Providian Financial",
     "ret": 0.8282,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": null,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2003,
   "status": "verified-list",
   "note": "S&P DJI list (7 names of 212% or more in 2003; Novell and Corning were both about +215%, and Novell ranks higher on the list). Not used in Strategy B: 2002 and 2004 are incomplete.",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "AV",
     "company": "Avaya",
     "ret": 4.28,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    },
    {
     "ticker": "WMB",
     "company": "Williams Cos.",
     "ret": 2.6370371164723445,
     "next": 0.6688108970273754,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "DYN",
     "company": "Dynegy",
     "ret": 2.63,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    },
    {
     "ticker": "PMCS",
     "company": "PMC-Sierra",
     "ret": 2.62,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    },
    {
     "ticker": "NOVL",
     "company": "Novell",
     "ret": 2.15,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": null,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2004,
   "status": "unverified",
   "note": "No full top-5 list found.",
   "sources": "",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "ADSK",
     "company": "Autodesk",
     "ret": 2.087876393875719,
     "next": 0.13233597871598546,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": null,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2005,
   "status": "unverified",
   "note": "No full top-5 list found.",
   "sources": "",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "VLO",
     "company": "Valero Energy",
     "ret": 1.273127870737924,
     "next": -0.0033144495090697834,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": null,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2006,
   "status": "unverified",
   "note": "No full top-5 list found.",
   "sources": "",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "ATI",
     "company": "Allegheny Technologies",
     "ret": 1.5133036503098491,
     "next": -0.041796790752388735,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": null,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2007,
   "status": "unverified",
   "note": "Only the top 3 could be confirmed (the Reuters factbox is paywalled; the search snippet gives #1 to #3).",
   "sources": "https://www.reuters.com/article/business/factbox-sp-500s-best-and-worst-performers-for-2007-idUSN31600240/",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "NOV",
     "company": "National Oilwell Varco",
     "ret": 1.4014382867791713,
     "next": -0.6673020611428364,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "AMZN",
     "company": "Amazon.com",
     "ret": 1.3476937927307593,
     "next": -0.4464594326049557,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "JEC",
     "company": "Jacobs Engineering",
     "ret": 1.3451,
     "next": null,
     "next_src": ""
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": null,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2008,
   "status": "probable",
   "note": "The Motley Fool list (Jan 2 2009) uses total return: FDO 38.6, UST 32.0, HRB 25.8, AMGN 24.4, WMT 20.0, CELG 19.6, ROH 19.4. On price return (the ranking rule here), Celgene (no dividend) passes Wal-Mart (Yahoo +17.9%). UST's price return isn't separately sourced (total return 32.0%).",
   "sources": "https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2009/01/02/a-wonderful-year-for-these-stocks.aspx",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "FDO",
     "company": "Family Dollar Stores",
     "ret": 0.3863,
     "next": 0.0874,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/FDO?date=2009-12-31&view=return&from=2009-01-01&basis=total_return"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "UST",
     "company": "UST Inc.",
     "ret": null,
     "next": 0.001729605073508278,
     "next_src": "Altria closed its UST acquisition Jan 6 2009 at $69.50 cash (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/764180/000119312509001739/dex991.htm) vs $69.38 2008 close (Exa). Deal-based outcome: cash held at 0% after closing."
    },
    {
     "ticker": "AMGN",
     "company": "Amgen",
     "ret": 0.2435400884526795,
     "next": -0.020433039421294485,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "HRB",
     "company": "H&R Block",
     "ret": 0.22347871226335836,
     "next": 0.030064254102462495,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "CELG",
     "company": "Celgene",
     "ret": 0.196,
     "next": 0.0072,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/CELG?date=2009-12-31&view=return&from=2009-01-01&basis=total_return"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.021192163950935258,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2009,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "S&P DJI list has all of 2009's top 10. Yahoo agrees for THC, AMD, F and GNW.",
   "sources": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/ | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "XL",
     "company": "XL Capital",
     "ret": 3.95,
     "next": 0.2155,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/XL?date=2010-12-31&view=return&from=2010-01-01&basis=total_return"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "THC",
     "company": "Tenet Healthcare",
     "ret": 3.686956502809867,
     "next": 0.24118742540572513,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "AMD",
     "company": "Advanced Micro Devices",
     "ret": 3.4814814446884927,
     "next": -0.15495867280065767,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "F",
     "company": "Ford",
     "ret": 3.3668122998168863,
     "next": 0.6789995797657951,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "GNW",
     "company": "Genworth Financial",
     "ret": 3.0106009496304935,
     "next": 0.15770924243979967,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.2276875149621324,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2010,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "AIG issued warrants to shareholders in Jan 2011; the Yahoo adjusted return used for 2011 may not count them.",
   "sources": "https://www.ibtimes.com/ten-best-performing-stocks-sp-500-2010-252407 | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "NFLX",
     "company": "Netflix",
     "ret": 2.1893265424936055,
     "next": -0.6056346526872955,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "FFIV",
     "company": "F5 Networks",
     "ret": 1.4572399596478927,
     "next": -0.184695760903129,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "CMI",
     "company": "Cummins",
     "ret": 1.398822517926415,
     "next": -0.18921168325985793,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "AIG",
     "company": "AIG",
     "ret": 0.9219479590287765,
     "next": -0.5145889637880503,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "ZION",
     "company": "Zions Bancorp",
     "ret": 0.8885424541169666,
     "next": -0.3266983384234371,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": -0.364165879812354,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2011,
   "status": "probable",
   "note": "CNBC (Dec 28) listed COG, ISRG, MA and BIIB but left out El Paso because of the pending Kinder Morgan deal. El Paso was still a member at year-end, so it is included here: $13.76 to $26.57 (+93.1%, Exa daily closes).",
   "sources": "https://www.cnbc.com/2011/12/28/The-Best-Investments-of-2011.html | yahoo | https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/EP?date=2011-12-30&view=daily",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "COG",
     "company": "Cabot Oil & Gas",
     "ret": 1.0096,
     "next": 0.3133,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/COG?date=2012-12-31&view=return&from=2012-01-01&basis=total_return"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "EP",
     "company": "El Paso",
     "ret": 0.931,
     "next": 0.2010941287165977,
     "next_src": "El Paso acquired by Kinder Morgan May 25 2012 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1066107/000119312512246141/d357798dex991.htm). Mixed election: $14.65 cash + 0.4187 KMI + 0.640 warrants, valued at end-2012 KMI $35.33 and KMI.WS $3.86, vs 2011 close $26.57. Dividends (about 1pp) and proration ignored. Deal-based outcome: cash held at 0% after closing."
    },
    {
     "ticker": "ISRG",
     "company": "Intuitive Surgical",
     "ret": 0.7963530665880965,
     "next": 0.059091612843523045,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "MA",
     "company": "MasterCard",
     "ret": 0.6635581929864787,
     "next": 0.32092929998570074,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "BIIB",
     "company": "Biogen Idec",
     "ret": 0.6413124242038748,
     "next": 0.3300317224739009,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.2448893528039445,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2012,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Source: The Fiscal Times, from Standard & Poor's data.",
   "sources": "https://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2013/01/01/2012-Stock-Market-Winners-and-Losers | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "PHM",
     "company": "PulteGroup",
     "ret": 1.8779714757671884,
     "next": 0.13140384227904311,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "S",
     "company": "Sprint Nextel",
     "ret": 1.4231,
     "next": 0.8959,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/S?date=2013-12-31&view=return&from=2013-01-01&basis=total_return (SoftBank deal Jul 2013; continuing Sprint shares)"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "WHR",
     "company": "Whirlpool",
     "ret": 1.1443624523494473,
     "next": 0.5706618129073624,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "EXPE",
     "company": "Expedia",
     "ret": 1.1171604981926198,
     "next": 0.14489051491169214,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "BAC",
     "company": "Bank of America",
     "ret": 1.0881294561440598,
     "next": 0.34510602671040647,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.4175924393617009,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2013,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "https://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2013/12/31/You-Won-t-Believe-How-Much-Richer-Stock-Investors-Got-2013 | https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-sp-500-stocks-by-annual-returns/ | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "NFLX",
     "company": "Netflix",
     "ret": 2.976348016430466,
     "next": -0.07214046628685822,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "MU",
     "company": "Micron",
     "ret": 2.430599286519257,
     "next": 0.6096549678693228,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "BBY",
     "company": "Best Buy",
     "ret": 2.365400825680734,
     "next": 0.0007522772189858529,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "DAL",
     "company": "Delta Air Lines",
     "ret": 1.3142375381801146,
     "next": 0.8053375676872474,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "ETFC",
     "company": "E*TRADE Financial",
     "ret": 1.194,
     "next": 0.235,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/ETFC?date=2014-12-31&view=return&from=2014-01-01&basis=total_return"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.31572086929773957,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2014,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "The old Allergan (AGN) was acquired by Actavis on Mar 17 2015; see the 2015 outcome.",
   "sources": "https://www.cnbc.com/2014/12/31/the-best-and-worst-stocks-of-2014.html | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "LUV",
     "company": "Southwest Airlines",
     "ret": 1.2462844666702977,
     "next": 0.024380772728274325,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "EA",
     "company": "Electronic Arts",
     "ret": 1.05,
     "next": 0.4617,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/EA?date=2015-12-31&view=return&from=2015-01-01&basis=total_return"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "EW",
     "company": "Edwards Lifesciences",
     "ret": 0.9370437471116764,
     "next": 0.24006916407457113,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "AGN*",
     "company": "Allergan Inc. (old)",
     "ret": 0.92,
     "next": 0.1492250341032033,
     "next_src": "Actavis acquired Allergan Mar 17 2015: $129.22 cash + 0.3683 Actavis (later Allergan plc) shares (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1578845/000119312515096189/d894451d8k.htm). Valued at Allergan plc's 2015 close of $312.50 vs old Allergan's 2014 close of $212.59 (Exa). Deal-based outcome: cash held at 0% after closing."
    },
    {
     "ticker": "AVGO",
     "company": "Avago Technologies",
     "ret": 0.9022314319361862,
     "next": 0.46037056119926456,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.26714910642106265,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2015,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Cablevision's figure in the Motley Fool list may include dividends. Either way it ranks above #6 Hormel (Yahoo price +51.8%).",
   "sources": "https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2016/01/14/the-10-best-stocks-in-the-sp-500-in-2015.aspx | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "NFLX",
     "company": "Netflix",
     "ret": 1.3437836426593366,
     "next": 0.0823570914250018,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "AMZN",
     "company": "Amazon",
     "ret": 1.1778313909946103,
     "next": 0.10945572452950514,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "ATVI",
     "company": "Activision Blizzard",
     "ret": 0.941,
     "next": -0.0596,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/ATVI?date=2016-12-31&view=return&from=2016-01-01&basis=total_return"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "NVDA",
     "company": "NVIDIA",
     "ret": 0.6438901823872298,
     "next": 2.2696015300234103,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "CVC",
     "company": "Cablevision",
     "ret": 0.579,
     "next": 0.09404388714733547,
     "next_src": "Altice acquired Cablevision Jun 21 2016 at $34.90 cash (https://altice.net/documents-ir/altice-completes-acquisition-of-cablevision-systems-corporation) vs $31.90 2015 close (Exa). Two 2016 dividends ignored. Deal-based outcome: cash held at 0% after closing."
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.49917164662505054,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2016,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "AMD rose more but was not an S&P 500 member at end-2016.",
   "sources": "https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/01/09/the-10-best-stocks-in-the-sp-500-in-2016.aspx | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "NVDA",
     "company": "NVIDIA",
     "ret": 2.2384708052254756,
     "next": 0.8198790395859124,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "OKE",
     "company": "ONEOK",
     "ret": 1.3280616464982207,
     "next": -0.0211523461634322,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "FCX",
     "company": "Freeport-McMoRan",
     "ret": 0.9483012729016542,
     "next": 0.43745269011559085,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "NEM",
     "company": "Newmont",
     "ret": 0.8938299126341016,
     "next": 0.1090509108594464,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "AMAT",
     "company": "Applied Materials",
     "ret": 0.728441367214465,
     "next": 0.5986131103080601,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.3887686809411155,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2017,
   "status": "probable",
   "note": "The Motley Fool (Dec 28) list includes First Solar, which was removed from the index in Mar 2017, so it is excluded here. Remaining order is from Yahoo year-end closes.",
   "sources": "https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/12/28/the-25-top-performing-sp-500-stocks-of-2017.aspx | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "NRG",
     "company": "NRG Energy",
     "ret": 1.3230015506152912,
     "next": 0.39589608399912124,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "ALGN",
     "company": "Align Technology",
     "ret": 1.311349306040952,
     "next": -0.057428370428097675,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "VRTX",
     "company": "Vertex Pharmaceuticals",
     "ret": 1.034206655831345,
     "next": 0.10576542131964195,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "WYNN",
     "company": "Wynn Resorts",
     "ret": 0.9487919567081478,
     "next": -0.40180176106772325,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "BA",
     "company": "Boeing",
     "ret": 0.8943346450194676,
     "next": 0.11501654893671676,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.03148958455193181,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2018,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "https://www.fool.com/investing/2019/01/18/the-5-top-performing-sp-500-stocks-of-2018.aspx | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "AMD",
     "company": "Advanced Micro Devices",
     "ret": 0.795719801943733,
     "next": 1.4842905138021374,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "ABMD",
     "company": "Abiomed",
     "ret": 0.73,
     "next": -0.4752,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/ABMD?date=2019-12-31&view=return&from=2019-01-01&basis=total_return"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "FTNT",
     "company": "Fortinet",
     "ret": 0.6120394344006199,
     "next": 0.515831223347593,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "AAP",
     "company": "Advance Auto Parts",
     "ret": 0.5794964676263883,
     "next": 0.01870044682147376,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "TRIP",
     "company": "TripAdvisor",
     "ret": 0.5652930951763673,
     "next": -0.366654809240172,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.2353934749462064,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2019,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "https://www.marketwatch.com/story/here-are-the-best-and-worst-dow-and-sp-500-stocks-of-2019-2019-12-30 | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "AMD",
     "company": "Advanced Micro Devices",
     "ret": 1.4842905138021374,
     "next": 0.9997818984714926,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "LRCX",
     "company": "Lam Research",
     "ret": 1.1473158973247743,
     "next": 0.6418037435590747,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "KLAC",
     "company": "KLA",
     "ret": 0.9909485664887021,
     "next": 0.4794201913400442,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "TGT",
     "company": "Target",
     "ret": 0.9399306070223219,
     "next": 0.4047201641925875,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "CMG",
     "company": "Chipotle",
     "ret": 0.9386970692168657,
     "next": 0.656544427463349,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.6364540850053096,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2020,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "L Brands became Bath & Body Works (BBWI) after spinning off Victoria's Secret in Aug 2021. Its 2021 return is BBWI's total return (Exa).",
   "sources": "https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/31/here-are-the-top-performing-stocks-in-the-sp-500-for-2020.html | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "TSLA",
     "company": "Tesla",
     "ret": 7.434369946079432,
     "next": 0.4975555924013577,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "ETSY",
     "company": "Etsy",
     "ret": 3.0160272398667045,
     "next": 0.2306222131118718,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "NVDA",
     "company": "NVIDIA",
     "ret": 1.2192945047528485,
     "next": 1.254820799089266,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "PYPL",
     "company": "PayPal",
     "ret": 1.1651104826909298,
     "next": -0.19479079801945476,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "LB",
     "company": "L Brands",
     "ret": 1.055,
     "next": 1.3622,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/BBWI?date=2021-12-31&view=return&from=2021-01-01&basis=total_return"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.6300815613166082,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2021,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Signature Bank failed in Mar 2023, after its 2022 holding year.",
   "sources": "https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/13/op-ed-these-big-names-propelled-the-sp-500-in-2021-heres-whats-ahead-for-2022.html | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "DVN",
     "company": "Devon Energy",
     "ret": 1.7862111364908175,
     "next": 0.5086402970391797,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "MRO",
     "company": "Marathon Oil",
     "ret": 1.462,
     "next": 0.6691,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/MRO?date=2022-12-31&view=return&from=2022-01-01&basis=total_return"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "MRNA",
     "company": "Moderna",
     "ret": 1.4311284843481662,
     "next": -0.2927789663014342,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "FTNT",
     "company": "Fortinet",
     "ret": 1.419713147755186,
     "next": -0.3198386024239356,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "SBNY",
     "company": "Signature Bank",
     "ret": 1.391,
     "next": -0.6399,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/SBNY?date=2022-12-31&view=return&from=2022-01-01&basis=total_return"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": -0.014955454337238017,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2022,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "Constellation Energy (+109%) is excluded because it was spun off in Feb 2022 and has no full-year return.",
   "sources": "https://www.tastylive.com/news-insights/best-worst-sp500-sectors-2022 | https://talkmarkets.com/article/best-etfs-funds-and-stocks-of-2022-a-preview-to-2023 | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "OXY",
     "company": "Occidental Petroleum",
     "ret": 1.172818288229922,
     "next": -0.04077798302313551,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "HES",
     "company": "Hess",
     "ret": 0.94,
     "next": 0.029,
     "next_src": "https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/HES?date=2023-12-31&view=return&from=2023-01-01&basis=total_return"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "MPC",
     "company": "Marathon Petroleum",
     "ret": 0.8188778924319782,
     "next": 0.30460146350482864,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "XOM",
     "company": "Exxon Mobil",
     "ret": 0.802582211590583,
     "next": -0.06261550307104702,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "SLB",
     "company": "Schlumberger",
     "ret": 0.7849748822252052,
     "next": -0.007763488895802584,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.044488897702968704,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2023,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "",
   "sources": "https://www.marketwatch.com/story/these-20-stocks-soared-the-most-in-2023-e1488779 | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "NVDA",
     "company": "NVIDIA",
     "ret": 2.3886682820093332,
     "next": 1.71249279030634,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "META",
     "company": "Meta Platforms",
     "ret": 1.9413329086468418,
     "next": 0.6604886491560409,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "RCL",
     "company": "Royal Caribbean",
     "ret": 1.6196642665123604,
     "next": 0.7898313542821658,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "BLDR",
     "company": "Builders FirstSource",
     "ret": 1.5730580996997747,
     "next": -0.1438241848238393,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "UBER",
     "company": "Uber",
     "ret": 1.4896886710276283,
     "next": -0.020302095276850896,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.5997373027287713,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2024,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "GE Vernova (+150.6%) is excluded because it was spun off in Apr 2024.",
   "sources": "https://get.ycharts.com/resources/blog/the-best-performing-stocks-of-2024/ | yahoo",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "PLTR",
     "company": "Palantir",
     "ret": 3.4047755921584306,
     "next": 1.350257919544839,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "VST",
     "company": "Vistra",
     "ret": 2.5791794776419823,
     "next": 0.17656996672099523,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "NVDA",
     "company": "NVIDIA",
     "ret": 1.711723981745346,
     "next": 0.38916524633559146,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "UAL",
     "company": "United Airlines",
     "ret": 1.3533689390250294,
     "next": 0.15159630743584684,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "AXON",
     "company": "Axon Enterprise",
     "ret": 1.3006233817844555,
     "next": -0.04440371234892815,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 0.4046371455376689,
   "next_partial": false
  },
  {
   "year": 2025,
   "status": "verified",
   "note": "SanDisk is excluded (no full year). Yahoo has no WBD history; its 2025 return is from the FactSet list (+173.2%), with the year-end close of $28.82 from Exa.",
   "sources": "https://rubiewealth.com/sp-500-top-25-annual-performers-2025/ | yahoo | https://exa.ai/library/markets/stock/WBD?date=2025-12-31&view=daily",
   "names": [
    {
     "ticker": "WDC",
     "company": "Western Digital",
     "ret": 2.822123239486686,
     "next": 1.3085932917624477,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "MU",
     "company": "Micron",
     "ret": 2.3912784130569973,
     "next": 2.6074090478712306,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "STX",
     "company": "Seagate",
     "ret": 2.1907081733084506,
     "next": 1.8525157824601481,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "HOOD",
     "company": "Robinhood",
     "ret": 2.035426826864848,
     "next": -0.03607428723341899,
     "next_src": "Yahoo Finance adj. close"
    },
    {
     "ticker": "WBD",
     "company": "Warner Bros. Discovery",
     "ret": 1.726584673604541,
     "next": 0.07622021790423306,
     "next_src": "Paramount Skydance acquired WBD Oct 6 2026 for $31.0167 cash per share (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/paramount-completes-acquisition-of-warner-bros-discovery-creating-a-new-global-entertainment-leader-skydance-302899765.html) vs $28.82 2025 close (Exa). Deal-based outcome: cash held at 0% after closing."
    }
   ],
   "portfolio_next": 1.161732810552928,
   "next_partial": true
  }
 ]
}